Manzanillo is located on the southern
Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica. This small fishing village was first
settled by Afro-Caribbeans, who came from Jamaica via San Andres and
Panama, following the turtle migrations. Indigenous peoples, Bribris
and Cabecar, inhabited the river systems. More recently, Spanish,
European, and other Central American natives have come to the local
area. English, the local dialect, Potwois, and Spanish are all
spoken in the village.
Manzanillo is a peaceful and friendly community. The
people have survived for the past hundred years by harvesting
coconut and cocao (chocolate), hunting, fishing and lobster diving.
The interdependent and close-knit lifestyle of the community can be
seen in shared activities such as child-rearing, building a house,
and sharing the daily news under the town’s central almond tree. As
recently as 1985, the first road was completed to Manzanillo,
linking it to the outside world. Since then, Manzanillo has
developed slowly as a unique Eco-tour destination. Dugout boats take
the place of cars in this community not yet taken up by the 20th
century. The town itself sits within the boundaries of the
Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge.
The temperatures on this part of the coast don’t
vary much. Normal daytime temperatures are about 85 degrees F.
during the day and 70 degrees F. during the night. The ocean and
inner reef is safe for all water sports. The water is warm (about
82-85 degrees F.) which invites swimming, snorkeling, kayaking,
surfing, and diving.
The Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife
Refuge
The Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge is a nationally
protected area which includes tropical rainforest on land, and coral
reef off-shore. It includes a stunning array of animal and plant
species. The blue-green Caribbean waters are home to a myriad of
brilliant tropical fish and marine animals. The living reef is made
up of a surprising variety of corals, sponges and crustaceans, and
is home to lobsters, eels, sea stars and other fascinating
creatures. The white sand beaches are lined with coconut palms, an
important crop for past and present local residents.
Lush tropical rainforest directly behind the
beach and village is home to innumerable species of animals, birds,
insects and plants, including monkeys, sloths, parrots, butterflies,
frogs, crocodiles, jaguar, tapirs, flowers and medicinal plants-
only to name a few!
To the southeast of the refuge lies the Gandoca
estuary, which is made up almost exclusively of red mangrove. It
protects a bank of oysters and is a spawning site for the Atlantic
tarpon and endangered manatees. The whole coastal area is a living
example of geologic shifts, the last one being as recent as the
great earthquake of 1992 which significantly changed the shoreline
and certain areas of the adjacent lands.